The sump in the box gutter, which is connected to the downpipe. The sump drains the water out of the box gutter and through the downpipe, which is connected to the legal point of discharge.
The apex of the roof is usually the point where the two beams meet and slope in the opposite direction also known as a ridge. The universal beams are the structural components that hold the roof up. The two beams are connected with a welded plate and bolts. Above the universal beams are c-purlins connected to the beams with fly-bracing and welded cleats. There is bridging in between the purlins to avoid deflection of the purlins. Above the purlins in safety mesh and sisalation.
This photo demonstrates the joint between two concrete panels above an opening. The construction joint must be maintained in order to prevent any leakage into the building. The joint is made up of a backing rod and then a mastic sealant applied over. This joint is applied to both sides of the panel (internal & external). The internal application is for fire resistance and the external is for weather sealing.
Article #3
Article from Building Connections, Autumn Quarter March 2007 In the recent years the total surface area on commercial buildings containing glass have increased. Commercial buildings are generaly built to retain a large amount of people. The safety of people is very important and crucial when it comes to designing buildings as such. The above article covers the technological advancement in glass in the fire-rating sector. It is possible to achieve a fire rating with glass panels too, whereas before a sprinkler was usually located above a window opening as it was a weak area in the case of a fire. The fire-rated glass limits the transmission of conductive and radiant heat, while it maximises the transmission of natural light and visibility. In the case of a fire "Pyrostop" provides both the integrity requirements of a barrier to smoke, hot gases and flame, as well as very effective insulation from the heat of a blaze.
Article #2
Bluescope Steel's Lysaght Bondek Photo borrowed from http://www.bluescopesteel.com.au/go/product/lysaght-bondek
Article from BPN, April 2007, Vol 43, No.3
These days time is money, therefore in the construction industry the faster a building is errected the more you save money. As in the above article, "Bondek" was used in replacement of traditional formwork to speed up the construction process of the suspended slab for the carpark. Not only did the material speed up the construction process but it also gave an aesthetically pleasing look. The use of "Bondek" also saved money on labour costs, as less labourers were needed on site than what a traditionally constructed suspended slab would have needed. "Bondek" is a product that is fabricated by Bluescope Steel, there may be other similiar products in the construction industry that may also be used for the same purpose. "Bondek" has large spanning capacities, it is fast and easy to install and it acts as permanent formwork. One of the advantages of "Bondek" is that it works as a composite slab, which saves in concrete and reinforcement costs. Composite slab construction is structuraly efficient, it exploits the tensile resistance of the steel and the compressive resistance of the concrete.
Figure borrowed from: http://www.deir.qld.gov.au/workplace/law/codes/construction/tiltup/deadman/index.htm
Temporary bracing is used to support the concrete panels before they are incorporation into the final structure. Each panel should be supported with at least two braces and braces should be positioned so that they are uniformly loaded. Deadman pads are commonly used to anchor braces and stabalise panels to prevent them from falling over due to wind loads or other factors. The deadman concrete pads allow mass to create an effective temporary anchoring system for the tilt-up panels. The sites soil type and panel size will determine the individual pad sizes. In this case the sites clay soil is much more beneficial then a sandier site. Stiffer soils provide greater degrees of cohesion and is better in resisting pull out loads. Diagram courtesy of the Cement, Concrete & Aggregates Australia website.
Concrete panels can be used for cladding purposes or as a loadbearing structure. In the case of the building that I am studying the panels are used as a loadbearing structure. This method is much more cost efficient than a portal frame structure with concrete panels used as cladding, as there is less use of structural steel, thus a reduction in weight decreasing the cost in the amount of steelwork required.
The panels have side, front and top facing assembly handles, these offer attachement points for the crane in order to make transportation, handling and erection possible. The reinforcement in the pre-cast panels provide sufficient shear and tensile strength to avoid cracks in the panels during the installation process. The panels are inset 125mm from the outer edge of the strip-footing. After the panels are placed into position they are levelled out with packers before applying the slurry.
Article #1
Article from Building Connections, Autumn Quarter March 2007. As technology advances in the construction industry, we not only have been building larger spanning buildings on a horizontal axis but also on a vertical axis. A mass damper is a device installed into structures to prevent discomfort, damage or structural failure by vibration. In the Eureka building case the cause of vibration are wind loads (it is currently the tallest building in Melbourne and the tallest apartment building in the worls). As buildings get taller we need to consider the wind loads that act on the building.
The plumbing can be seen in the background, with the exposed ends having PVC safety caps on to protect it from external elements entering the pipes; this avoids blockage of the pipes. All plumbing is placed within close vicinity of each other, thus allowing easy connection and reduction in cost. Temporary fencing can also be seen in the background, which by law should be surrounding the entire construction zone. There is compressed crushed rock that has been laid out, which the concrete will be poured over after the TM has been placed, the compressing machine is also seen in the background.
Lot 12 Gateway Blvd, Epping -Proposed Warehouse & Office
Excavator digging holes for deadman pads, which is used to carry the loads from the props holding up concrete panels.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)